Pablo Picasso (1881–1973) was a pioneering Spanish artist whose revolutionary contributions to modern art spanned painting, sculpture, ceramics, and printmaking. A master of reinvention, he co-founded Cubism, explored Surrealism, and experimented with Neoclassicism and Expressionism. His early Blue and Rose Periods conveyed themes of melancholy and performance, while his later work, including Les Demoiselles d’Avignon (1907) and Guernica (1937), reshaped artistic conventions. Picasso’s prolific output of over 20,000 works cemented his status as one of the most influential artists of the 20th century, continually pushing artistic boundaries until his death in 1973.