Victor Vasarely (1906–1997) was a French-Hungarian artist often credited as the grandfather of the Op Art movement. He began creating work that explored movement and illusions as early as the 1930s. Vasarely received formal training at the Muhely Academy in Budapest and was interested in the intersection of science and art, a theme evident in his kinetic paintings. Following his inclusion in the Museum of Modern Art’s "The Responsive Eye" exhibition in 1965, Vasarely gained widespread acclaim and international recognition for his contributions to the Op Art movement.