Murano art glass history began with the Venetian glassmakers who moved to Murano island in 1291 for fire safety, leading to the island becoming a major center for glassmaking. The history is marked by a "Golden Age" in the 16th century, innovations like crystal glass and filigrana, a decline due to competition and Napoleon's conquest, and a revival in the late 19th century. Today, Murano glass is celebrated for its artistry and craftsmanship.