"The numbered, yet non-sequential arrangement of time in Skunk Cabbages, Pond Lilies, and Water Irises belongs to what John Charles Ryan refers to as kairos ("timeliness" or "the right time"), rather than chronos ("time as a grid")... As a form of "vegetal temporality", plant-time is "a multidimensional plexity that embodies the endemic land-based seasons, rhythms, cycles, and timescales of flora in conjunction with human patterns... (i.e.) In Pond Lily No. 5, the difference between a lily pad and an abstract shape hovering in empty space appears arbitrary. Textural variations provide the main clue to this material and existential difference, but the assemblage of forms ensures that any alterity remains indeterminate. It belongs at once to the living, breathing plant, and to a higher plane of existence..." Cory Gundlach, University of Iowa Museum of Art