Torch Stand (Shamadan), Image 3.
Monumental 16th-century Safavid brass torch stand, uniquely large at 34 in. Intricately engraved with vegetal scrolls, arabesques, and verses by Hafiz, evoking Sufi ideals of divine light. Blackened, cross-hatched ground links it to works from the 1560s–80s (cf. V&A 790-1901; Hermitage IR 2202; Hussein Afshar Coll.; Qatar Museums). Likely a votive offering, it embodies both functional and spiritual illumination.