Pachucos are male members of a counterculture that emerged in El Paso, Texas, in the late 1930s. Pachucos are associated with Zoot Suit fashion, jump blues, jazz and swing music, a distinct dialect known as caló, and self-empowerment in rejecting assimilation into Anglo-American society. The Pachuco counterculture flourished among Chicano males in the 1940s as a symbol of rebellion, especially in Los Angeles.

Some Pachucos adopted strong attitudes of social defiance, engaging in behavior seen as deviant by white/Anglo-American society, such as marijuana smoking, gang activity, and a night life. Although concentrated among a relatively small group of Mexican Americans, the Pachuco counterculture became iconic among Chicanos because it showed a vision of themselves encompassing their full identity and style.